Back pain is an issue that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly those engaged in physically demanding activities like weight training and bodybuilding. This discomfort can range from mild to severe, often impacting daily functions and overall quality of life.
The root causes of back pain are varied, including muscle strains, inadequate stretching, poor posture, and the intense physical demands placed on the body during training and other exercises.
While there are many ways to combat back pain and enhance mobility, back stretches are one of the most preventative and effective. Research shows that stretches like customized yoga programs can help relieve back and neck pain, enhancing the quality of your life. These stretches help loosen tight muscles, improve flexibility, and promote better posture.
Let’s explore various causes of pain so you can learn more about the causes. After that, we will provide you with a list of leg and back stretches that you can incorporate into your routine to prevent and relieve back pain and improve your mobility.
Back pain occurs when the structures in the back—such as muscles, ligaments, discs, or the spine—experience stress, injury, or degeneration. The pain can range from a dull, constant ache to sudden, sharp pain, affecting mobility and daily activities. Besides poor posture or sitting in the same position for a long, here are six other common causes of back pain:
1. Degenerative Disc Disease
As you age, the discs in the spine naturally wear down and lose their cushioning ability. This degeneration can lead to pain, instability, and reduced flexibility in the spine. Arthritis is the most common form of degenerative condition that affects the spine.
2. Pregnancy
When pregnant, the growing fetus and expanding uterus increase the load on the spine and alter the body’s center of gravity, leading to mechanical stress on the lower back, which in turn causes pain.
3. Improper Lifting Techniques
Lifting heavy weights in incorrect form can strain the back muscles and spine excessively. So many people lifting use poor form and this will lead to back pain. This is particularly common during deadlifts, squats, and overhead presses.
4. Overtraining
Too much training without adequate rest can lead to muscle fatigue and overuse injuries. The back muscles and spinal structures need time to recover between intense workouts.
5. Muscle Imbalances
Focusing too much on specific muscle groups while neglecting others can create imbalances. For example, strong chest and abdominal muscles without equally solid back muscles can lead to poor posture and strain.
6. Poor Recovery Practices
Inadequate warm-up and cool-down routines, insufficient stretching, and neglecting flexibility exercises can contribute to stiffness and injury. Proper recovery practices help maintain muscle flexibility and joint health.
Stretching is essential for maintaining flexibility, reducing muscle tension, and relieving leg and back pain. Here are eight effective stretches targeting the legs and back that can help alleviate pain and improve mobility:
1. Cat-Cow Stretch
The Cat-Cow stretch is a gentle yoga movement that helps increase flexibility and mobility in the spine while stretching the back, chest, and abdomen. It’s called “Cat-Cow” because it involves transitioning between two poses that mimic the movements of these animals. Here’s how to do it:
Start on your hands and knees, with your wrists directly under your shoulders and your knees under your hips.
Keep your head in a neutral position, looking down at the floor.
Inhale and slowly pull your belly button up towards your spine, tucking your tailbone and bringing your chin towards your chest and your head facing forward. That’s a cat pose.
Hold this pose for a few seconds, feeling the stretch across your back and chest.
Exhale and arch your back, dropping your belly towards the floor.
Drop your head to face the ground and tailbone towards the ceiling, creating a gentle curve in your spine.
Move smoothly between Cat Pose and Cow Pose, syncing the movements with your breath. Typically, you’ll spend about 3-5 seconds in each pose.
Repeat for 8-10 breaths.
2. Child’s Pose Stretch
Child’s Pose is a yoga stretch primarily targeting the lower back, hips, thighs, and ankles. It’s a relaxing pose often used to release tension, gently stretch the lower back muscles if your muscles are contracted, and open up the hips muscles that might cause pain if not stretched.
To stretch a child’s pose, start on your hands and knees on a comfortable surface, such as a yoga mat. Your wrists should be directly under your shoulders, and your knees should be under your hips.
Gently sit back on your heels and extend your arms forward to reach the ground.
Lower your chest towards the floor, resting your forehead on the ground. If your hips don’t comfortably reach your heels, you can place a cushion or folded blanket between your thighs and calves for support.
Hold for 20-30 seconds while focusing on deep breathing.
3. Knee-to-Chest Stretch
The knee-to-chest stretch is a simple and effective workout, targeting the lower back, glutes, and hamstrings. It stretches contracted back muscles and alleviates tension and discomfort, which, if left without lengthening, can cause pain and affect mobility. The workout also improves flexibility and promotes relaxation.
Here’s how to perform the Knee-to-Chest Stretch:
Lie on your back on a comfortable surface like a yoga mat or carpet.
Keep both legs extended and feet flat on the ground.
Bend one knee, interlace your hands behind the thigh or just below the knee joint, and bring them towards your chest.
Squeeze the bent knee using your hands to move it closer towards your chest. The other leg should remain extended on the ground. You should feel a gentle stretch in the lower back, glutes, and possibly the back of the thigh (hamstrings) of the bent leg.
Hold the stretch for 20-30 seconds, breathing deeply and relaxing into the stretch.
Release the bent leg and return it to the starting position.
7. Repeat the stretch on the other side by bending the opposite knee and bringing it towards your chest.
Depending on your comfort level and the duration of your stretching routine, you can perform the knee-to-chest stretch multiple times on each leg.
Though we moved the knee closer, avoid forcing the knee too close to the chest, especially if you feel discomfort or pain. If you have any existing knee injuries or conditions, be gentle with the stretch and modify as needed.
4. Pelvic Tilt Stretch
The pelvic tilt stretch is an effective lower back workout that works on the lower back, hips, and abdomen muscles. It improves flexibility, relieves tension in the lower back, and promotes proper pelvic alignment, preventing muscle pain. Here’s how to do it:
Lie flat on your back on a comfortable surface with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor, hip-width apart. Relax your arms by your sides, palms facing down.
Find a neutral spine position by creating a small gap between your lower back and the floor to form a slight natural curve in your lower back. Avoid arching your back excessively or pressing it flat against the floor.
Take a deep breath in, and as you exhale, gently engage your core muscles by drawing your navel towards your spine. This action helps stabilize your pelvis and lower back throughout the exercise.
Flatten your lower back against the floor by tilting your pelvis towards your belly button. You should feel a gentle stretch in the lower back and hip flexors.
Hold the pelvic tilt position for 5-10 seconds while maintaining a gentle contraction of the abdominal muscles.
slowly release the pelvic tilt, allowing your lower back to return to the neutral position.
Perform 8-10 repetitions of the pelvic tilt stretch, focusing on smooth, controlled movements.
5. Seated Forward Fold
The seated forward fold, also known as Paschimottanasana in yoga, is a relaxing stretch that targets the muscles of the back, hamstrings, and calves. It’s a great way to relieve pain and improve flexibility while promoting relaxation and calmness.
Here’s how to do it:
Sit on the floor with legs extended in front. Keep your spine tall and your legs together. If you have tight hamstrings or lower back issues, you can sit on a folded blanket or cushion to elevate your hips slightly.
Hinge at the hips and extend your arms forward, reaching towards the toes. You can hold onto your shins, ankles, or feet, depending on your flexibility. Keep the back straight and avoid rounding the spine.
Once you’ve found your edge, where you feel a gentle stretch along the back of your legs and spine, pause and breathe deeply. With each inhale, lengthen your spine a little more.
Hold for 20-30 seconds.
6. Supine Twist Stretch
The supine twist, also known as the supine spinal twist or reclined spinal twist, is a yoga pose that stretches the lower back and glutes muscles. It also improves metabolism, removes toxins and alleviates lower back pain. Here’s how to do it:
Lie on a comfortable surface and extend your legs fully along the floor.
Extend your arms to the sides in a T position, forming a straight line with your shoulders.
Bend your knees and bring them towards your chest.
With your shoulders and palms flat on the floor, slowly lower both knees together to one side of your body. On the side where your knees are dropped, you should feel a gentle stretch along the spine, outer hip, and buttocks.
Hold the pose for 20-30 seconds and slowly bring your knees back to the centre, returning to the starting position.
Repeat on the other side.
7. Bridge Pose
Bridge Pose is a yoga pose that strengthens the back, glutes, and hamstrings while stretching the chest, neck, and spine. It improves spinal flexibility, relieves back pain, and energizes the body. Here is how to do Bridge Pose
Lie on your back, knees bent, feet flat on the floor, hip-width apart.
Position your heels close to your buttocks so that your fingertips can lightly touch them.
Press your lower back into the mat and engage your core muscles.
Press firmly through your feet and lift your hips towards the ceiling. Squeeze your glutes and thighs to support the lift. Your body should form a straight line from your shoulders to your knees.
Hold the pose for 20-30 seconds
Gently lower your hips back to the mat.
8. Seated Hamstring Stretch
The seated hamstring stretch workout improves flexibility in the hamstrings, which are the muscles at the back of your thighs. This stretch helps relieve tightness and discomfort in the legs and lower back, which is beneficial for overall mobility and pain relief.
Here’s how to do the seated hamstring stretch properly:
Sit on the floor and extend one leg straight before you.
Bend the other leg, placing the sole against the inner thigh of the extended leg. The spine should be straight, and the shoulders relaxed.
Hinge at the hips and lean towards the extended leg to reach your toes, ankle, or shin, depending on your flexibility. It’s okay if you can’t get very far at first; the goal is to feel a gentle stretch in the hamstrings.
Hold this position for 20-30 seconds.
Slowly sit back up to the starting position and switch legs.
Incorporating leg and back stretches into your daily routine effectively relieves pain and enhances mobility. By regularly practicing stretches such as the cat-cow stretch, child’s pose, hamstring, and spinal twists, you can improve your posture, reduce the risk of injury, and alleviate discomfort associated with intense physical training.
Perform these stretches regularly, focusing on proper form and breathing.
Consult a healthcare professional before starting a new stretching routine if you have any existing injuries or medical conditions.